editing

montage - a montage is created through quick cuts. disconnected time/place that combine to get larger idea. often used to condense time or suggest memories or hallucinations.

through the use of simple quick cuts and colour variation montages create great effect within an audience.

paralell editing - two scenes cross cutting at the same time in two different locations. this could be used to add tension within a scene/act. these two scenes often later build up to a climax.

 in these two scenes you can see the man thoughts which could show him to be in love with this woman when in reality she does not love him back.



split screen - screen spereated in seperate pieces to show various scenes at the same time showing links within the scenes. the affect gives the audience a perspective about the character/characters in the scenes. used to make characters seem closer than they actually are frequently (1950's-1960's)

in this iamge the phonecall on the split screen makes the man and woman seem closer than they actually are showing they are going to be involved with eachother in some point of the film.

dissolves - one scene in the backgroung whilst other scene is fading in. This is often used to soften a cut.

in this image the subject dissolving could signify he knows the place that he is dissapearing in to this affect gives the audience a sense of wonder to why the narrative is depicted in this way.


graphic match - is a transition used to intertwine the two images/shots together. this is used to communicate an idea within the audience.

in this image the audience could connote the plug hole as draining. the theme 'draining' could depict the person dying as if the blood is draining out of them. The eye and the plughole share a visual aspect that matches significantly.


rhythm and pace - builds up tension in a scene through the use of tempo in cuts and music. this creates a certain atmosphere which tends the audience in to the movie.

 rhythm and pace can also be decided due to the genre of the film for example in an action film the audience would expect to see fast montages to speed up the action.

long take - a long sequence of film with no cuts. this technique of editing could show a more sophisticated setting or specify significance to a scene.






jump cuts - speeds up motion of movement. makes longer cuts shorter. for example walking down stairs.

match cut - two subjects used to speed up a cut . for example showinjg a subjects face at the entrance of a lift then looking at their feet then they leave the lift.

cut away - using another point of interest to speed up the main subjects movement in a scene.

180 degree rule - when you have to stay on one side of the scene when filming so that there is no confusion within the audience . for example, a conversation

shot reverse shot - shows two character's usually having a coversation with the camera filming from face to face. in this iamge you can see two men having a conversation this could show a comparison of the two characters within the audience.

straight cut - a plain cut designed to be dismissed in continuity editing. this could consist of a basic cut of an image/sceneon to another image/scene in a sequence. creates realism so that the edit seems invisible and helps the flow of shots in a sequence.

Sound

Parallel sound - when the sound we here goes hand in hand with the image/ scene in the frame. An example of this is the fast tempo we tend to her in a horror movie when someone is about to be murdered by the antagonist.

Contrapuntal sound - when the sound/music in a scene is completely opposite to what is going on in the scene/ image. An example of this would be playing an upbeat or cheerful song in the middle of an argument.

Diegetic sound - sound that the characters/ actors can hear. For example, music playing out of a radio whilst the characters are dancing along to it.

Non-diegetic - sound that only the audience can hear this could be a voice over a narrative voice or an establishing shot but it could also be music to build up tension like the sound of a low pitch piano playing in a horror movie is often used to build tension within the audience.

Foley sound – A technique used to enhance audio sound so that the sound of the subject’s actions will seem more realistic

Pleonastic – low level sounds increased in volume to make the subject more loud or significant to the audience within the scene. For example a clock clicking really loud could signify a timer.

Sound bridge – this is used to help create a link between two scenes that may be linked or significant to each other in a film. This is one of the most frequently used types of editing used for transitions

Voice over – when a voice of a character is heard but not present in the scene. This often used to get a sense of a characters subjectivity or to narrate. For example in ‘Harry Potter’ the voice of Voldemort is heard but he is not present. This gives the effect of craziness or illusive thoughts in the characters head.

Silence – No sound is used in the scene. This could build tension in the scene. For example if someone is being chased in a scene and the sound is silent the audience could connote something bad is going to happen.

Facial expressions and body language from alexmacleod537

Cujo Movie Analysis Key Elements of Mise-en-scene ( starts 4:08 - 5:51)

In the scene of Cujo the setting of the old house could be significant to the scene as it entails a mysterious opening to the scene. The darkness surrounding the house in the opening could connote the theme of evil in the upcoming event of the movie. The darkness can also suggest the mood of the story and relate to the genre of the movie. The internal opening scene could connote this horror will take place mainly in this house as the narrator decides to begin in the child’s bedroom The props in the subject’s room signify the age of the character in the scene. The producer may do this to build suspense in foreshadowing an upcoming event in the scene. This can also tell the audience about how the killer in the story targets his/her victims in the movie. The outfit worn by the little boy could highlight the time the scene takes place as he is in his pajamas's in the sequence. This could lead to the audience wondering what the little boy is doing up at this time at night. The body language of the little boy goes from happy and vibrant to anxious when he enters the room. The producer is conveying there is going to be a turn of emotions through the characters body language in the room. The facial   expression on the close up of the boy as he enters the room shows the fear the little boy is feeling in the room compared to how exhilarated he just was in the hall way. This effect gives the audience a sense of wonder to what had shifted his emotion. The lighting in the scene shows just a back light being the subjects room well lit in the hall way but as he enters his room it changes to being very well lit. The darkness in the hallway could foreshadow the sudden, peculiar turn of events in the sequence. Also the hall way is filled with the colour black which could connote the theme of evil in the rising event of the movie. On the contrary, the lighting in the room is bright giving a happier feeling. However when he turns off the bedroom light (the main light) the back light is the only light coming from the bedroom window giving an atmospheric feeling in the room. The colours in the room when the light goes off go dole and creates a sense of mystery in the little boy’s bedroom through the narrator’s use of colour and lighting. When the boy discovers ‘the monster’ in the cupboard his body language show him as a weak character in the movie through the use of character positioning in the sequence furthermore he is seen clenching the blanket looking trembled clearly displaying he is uncomfortable in his own bedroom leading the audience to believe the monster has just came as he was vibrant until he had discovered the monster in the cupboard. 

https://youtu.be/riC9z738E9s

cinematography

cinematography

shot types
medium shot:
a medium shot is used to give the audience of who/what the subject is. this type of shot films the character from the waist upwards.

long shot:
a long shot is used to show the character and the setting in the frame of the picture. this shot gives the audience an idea of the characters surroundings whilst allowing them to get an interpretation of who the character is.

extreme long shot/establishing shot:
an extreme shot is used to get a clear view of the setting in the frame and focuses less on the subject but more on the surroundings giving the audience a long distance view of the setting.

medium long shot:
this shot films the subject from the knee upwards and allows the audience to see further away than a medium shot. this type of shot gives us a clear idea of both the characters emotions in the scene and the setting in the scene.

canted/dutch tilt:  a dutch tilt is a camera shot that is deliberately slanted to one side. this could be used to portray unease,madness,disorientation or desperation etc.


angles and movements

tracking shot:
to follow the character but keeps them in the frame at times during the tracking.this effect gives the impression the character is up to something. for example this could be used when a character is being chased through a scene or frame.

tilt up : moving the camera lens up while keeping the horizontal line constant. this effect could be used to make the character look dominant in the scene.

tilt down : moving the camera lens down while keeping the horizontal axis constant. the effect of this camera movement could make a character look inferior in a scene .

dolly : a movement away or towards the subject in a scene which is usually on a cart with wheel which would go along the floor to follow a character of leave a character in or out of a scene.

crane shot : a technique where the camera is on a crane.  the crane allows the camera to move in great distances in all directions while flying high in the air. these shots are usually long shots or extreme long shots. the effect of this could leave the audience with a feeling of omniscience over the characters.

handheld camera : a technique that allows the cameraman to get more flexibility when filming/editing a scene. however this could lead to a 'shaky image' when filming therefore sights/lens's are often used to get a better shot in a scene/image.

aerial shot/ birds eye view : an external shot taken from a plane,helicopter,crane etc. this could be used as an establishing scene for the start or ending of a film.

zoom : a camera lens which has a focal point could easily be changed rapidly reducing/enlarging the size of an image. the effect could symbolize an importance to the meaning of a scene or the significance of a character in a scene.

Lighting from alexmacleod537

what is semiotics?

semiotics: The study of meaning and how it is formed by signs such as words, images or music. It can be used as a tool to help analyse the symbolic codes of a media text.

audio visual

• game consoles
• television
• films
• phone/tablet

print visual

• newspaper
• leaflets
• CD covers
• magazines 
• posters
• comic books

denotation and connotation are often used to describe the semiotics inside the frame/scene.